It was surprising to learn about in mythology the deforestation of Mesopotamia from the poem of The Epic of Gilgamesh. This kind of poem was always useful that Gilgamesh was a name that endures "by building walls, ramparts, and temples," he required much timber. This kind of situation is described within The Epic of Gilgamesh: "Then there followed confusion......Now the mountains were moved and all the hills, for the guardian of the forest was killed. They attacked the cedars..... So they pressed on into the forest...... and while Gilgamesh felled the first of the trees of the forest, Enkidu [the friend of Gilgamesh] cleared their roots as far as the banks of Euphrates" (Strayer, 82). This is the surprising story that I've learned a lesson about what Gilgamesh is doing for natural sciences.
This is the way that I learn about the historical perspective, which is mainly about Mesopotamians who created this story to be civilized......and to co-exist with other humans who might be less sophisticated. For example, words of Mesopotamian history are Ninurta, gazelles, and Ishtar; phrases are Man of Might, watering hole, and custom of the land. These are useful words or phrases that relate to Mesopotamians' lives. This is not imagined for me in the modern world.
Therefore, the mythology of The Epic of Gilgamesh is really interesting for me to learn more about in Mesopotamian history.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
I was sad / disappointed / angry to read that…
I was sad/disappointed/angry to read that a Mesopotamian poet complained: "I have prayed to the gods and sacrificed, but who can understand the gods in heaven? Who knows what they plan for us? Who has ever been able to understand a god's conduct?" These questions are obvious to me. In addition, one character in the famous Epic of Gilgamesh declared: "When the gods created man, they allotted to him death, but life they retained in their own keeping" (Strayer, 81). This shows Mesopotamian people have to face death without the hope of a blessed life beyond. That's all I mentioned for the sad story about the poem of Epic of Gilgamesh.
I feel frustrated to read the transcript that refers to praying god. I believe that gods are always living in heaven. It's not actually for Mesopotamians. If Mesopotamians want to face death without going to heaven, then there should be the statement that I've described in the previous paragraph. It's really cruel for me to mention the death of Mesopotamians.
After I've read this story, I am totally frustrated about the relationship between god's death in heaven and Mesopotamians.
I feel frustrated to read the transcript that refers to praying god. I believe that gods are always living in heaven. It's not actually for Mesopotamians. If Mesopotamians want to face death without going to heaven, then there should be the statement that I've described in the previous paragraph. It's really cruel for me to mention the death of Mesopotamians.
After I've read this story, I am totally frustrated about the relationship between god's death in heaven and Mesopotamians.
I found it interesting to read that…
I found it interesting to read that the poem of The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia in 2100 B.C.E. It's a great literary work for Gilgamesh, who is the king of Uruk. The poem of Epic of Gilgamesh compiled after 2000 B.C.E. This is the time that there were reports that "the earth turned white" as salt accumulated in the soil. As a result, wheat was the most important thing to replace by barley, which s far more tolerant of salty conditions, which happened in Sumerian city-states. This kind of report was "facilitated their conquest by foreigners and shifted the center of Mesopotamian civilization permanently to the north" (Strayer, 82).
The Epic of Gilgamesh is a great poem that is related to Mesopotamian history, which is related to the subject of civilization. In addition, this is related to "environmental devastation, eventually left Summerian cities vulnerable to outside forces" (Strayer, 83). There had stronger people from the northern Summerian phase of Mesopotamian civilization to bring up an end throughout the historical change for Mesopotamians.
The historical perspective is important throughout Mesopotamian history. This interests me a lot for me.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is a great poem that is related to Mesopotamian history, which is related to the subject of civilization. In addition, this is related to "environmental devastation, eventually left Summerian cities vulnerable to outside forces" (Strayer, 83). There had stronger people from the northern Summerian phase of Mesopotamian civilization to bring up an end throughout the historical change for Mesopotamians.
The historical perspective is important throughout Mesopotamian history. This interests me a lot for me.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Timeline
The Western historical perspective has the five major eras of human history, which are called Paleolithic, Neolithic, Ancient, Classical, and Modern. Paleolithic period refers to the "Old Stone Age," meaning "ancient cultural stage, or level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools." Neolithic period is "New Stone Age," which refers to the meaning of its cultural evolution's final stage or "technological development among prehistoric humans." It was also characterized by stone tools, which shaped by domesticated plants or animals. An ancient period is "having had an existence of many years." The classical period is are generally accepted in Western music between 1730 and 1820. The modern period refers to "the modern era or the modern period," which is a global approach to "the time frame that comes post the classical history," in the 20th century.
The three additional eras of Cosmic, Gaiac, and Ecozoic. Cosmic is the word "relating to the cosmos." It forms "a part of the material universe, especially outside of the earth." The word root of the cosmos is "a combining form meaning 'world,' 'universe', used in the formation of compound words." Gaiac is a French word that has an English meaning, called "lignum vitae." The Gaia is "the hypothesis that the living and nonliving components of earth function as a single system in such a single organism." This is a way that the living components maintain the atmosphere so as to be comfortable living for humans. Eco- is the word root refers to the "environment." Ecozoic is the era that "was coined by Thomas Berry in conversation with Brian Swimme for their book The Universe Story in order to describe the geologic era that Earth is entering - when humans live in a mutually enhancing the relationship with Earth and the Earth community."
Websites:
Early Humans
Early humans originally come from Africa. Human species have happened 6 million years ago that fossils are alive in the world. This is sometimes referred to as the term "human evolution." Human evolution is "the lengthy process of change by which people originate from apelike ancestors." This is the reason why human evolution is really important regarding the word "early humans."
A species of humans include Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, and Homo Sapiens. Australopithecus is "one of the longest-lived and best-known early human species - paleoanthropologists have uncovered remains from more than 300 individuals!" It is found in 3.85 million years ago in Eastern Africa, which species had survived for about 900,000 years ago. Homo Erectus is an "extinct species of the human genus (Homo), perhaps an ancestor of modern humans (Homo Sapiens)." Homo Sapiens is "the first modern humans," which refers to "the early hominid predecessors" in 300,000 years ago.
Therefore, Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, and Homo Sapiens have different timelines that are related to the terms of the range and duration of their presence on the planet Earth.
Websites:
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/origin-humans-early-societies/a/where-did-humans-come-from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homo-erectus
https://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-evolution
https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis
A species of humans include Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, and Homo Sapiens. Australopithecus is "one of the longest-lived and best-known early human species - paleoanthropologists have uncovered remains from more than 300 individuals!" It is found in 3.85 million years ago in Eastern Africa, which species had survived for about 900,000 years ago. Homo Erectus is an "extinct species of the human genus (Homo), perhaps an ancestor of modern humans (Homo Sapiens)." Homo Sapiens is "the first modern humans," which refers to "the early hominid predecessors" in 300,000 years ago.
Therefore, Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, and Homo Sapiens have different timelines that are related to the terms of the range and duration of their presence on the planet Earth.
Websites:
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/origin-humans-early-societies/a/where-did-humans-come-from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homo-erectus
https://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-evolution
https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Big History
Big History is "a unified account of the entire history of the Universe that uses evidence and ideas from many disciplines to create a broad context for understanding humanity," meaning "a modern scientific origin story." According to the scholar, Big History is "a history of the known universe." It's usually narrative for scholars to describe what "Big History" is regarding World History. This kind of "Big History" can also be found in the book called Big History: Between Nothing and Everything (2013). It is a new concept for me and I've never heard the term "Big History" before. I think "Big History" is the word that seems logical to me that can be taught in the subject of World History.
Websites:
https://brill.com/view/journals/arwh/2/2/article-p267_7.xml
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/what-is-big-history/glossary1/a/glossary-what-is-big-history
Websites:
https://brill.com/view/journals/arwh/2/2/article-p267_7.xml
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/what-is-big-history/glossary1/a/glossary-what-is-big-history
Monday, May 11, 2020
Introduction About Myself
Hello, my name is Austin Chen. I am from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, the time zone is 15 hours earlier than the United States. I will be a senior after this summer break. I'll be 24 years old this August. This is the fifth time I take a history class. I hope I can get a credit for the World History 1 course.
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