Quiz #4

1) Umut Uras. “Turkey turning Hagia Sophia back into mosque divides social media.” Al Jazeera. July 11, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/turkey-turning-hagia-sophia-mosque-divides-social-media-200711104417533.html: 

According to this article, Turkey is a place of social media in world history. This pattern is “natural and permanent” (Strayer, 191). This will be referred to as the Muslim world. Hagia Sofia is the most important character who belongs to humanity. In this situation, social media is neutral for everybody to have. This is the way people are used to forming social media while they are taking the trip to visit in Turkey. 

I’d think it’s the way to show people’s hearts that traveling needs more “investments of the community.” This is what I used to say while I add a quote from my blog post title, The Elites Were Living High. Then came the Fall. In addition to this article, I may refer to what kind of eclipse is Turkey going to be. This is what I use to refer to while travelers are belonging to Turkish humanities. 

Overall, it’s the best experience for every traveler to visit while social media is still useful in the world. 

3) Ganesh Chakravarthi. “Is it Time to Embrace the Anthropocene? The Anthropocene requires that humanity take responsibility for preserving the earth and its species.” The Diplomat. February 11, 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/is-it-time-to-embrace-the-anthropocene/:

According to this article, Anthropocene is the best term for humanity on Earth. This situation was happened also in Australia as burning fires in its desert, which “embers billowing still in the Amazon, propaganda against climate change everywhere, and simultaneous opposition undermining the fears, leaving much of the world dry” (Chakravarthi, 2020). This is “the most compelling expression of spreading the sand,“ which I wrote from “What I found most sad of” in the story. 

There is some criticism to make a problem with the sand disaster, which requires the term Anthropocene. Also, “Anthropocene is a paradigm shift in the human mindset” (Chakravarthi, 2020). This is what humanity is going to be as “the landmass has long been home to the majority of humankind as well as the greatest concentration of pastoral peoples.” This is what exchanges people in the world and found the most interesting theme of world history by me. 

Overall, Anthropocene is humanity related term in humanity, which takes responsibility for preserving the earth and its species.

4) Justin Dallaire. “Why Pride sponsors shouldn’t hit pause during Black Lives Matter protests.” strategy. June 9, 2020. https://strategyonline.ca/2020/06/09/why-pride-sponsors-shouldnt-hit-pause-during-black-lives-matter-protests/:

According to this article, pride sponsors should not hit pause in Black Lives Matter protests. This is “a movement for racial equality happening during Pride presents an opportunity to recognize how diverse communities are” (Dallaire, 2020). I’d think it’s familiar with a post from the COVID0-19 pandemic, which the blog post title, It is time to challenge and make a change of your life. 

I’d think this is a competitive article that pride roots refer to as “some challenges happen for a lot of corporations to understand — are about the protest. They’re about activism” (Dallaire, 2020). This is what refers to the society of something that changes my life, such as helping with my family while the COVID-19 pandemic still occurs in the world. 

Therefore, this article teaches me about challenges in my life.  

Ch. 23 — Capitalism and Culture — The Acceleration of Globalization (Since 1945) – In what way(s) do you see the historical developments described in this chapter continuing to evolve in our world today?

I see the historical developments are described in Ch. 23 continuing to evolve in our world today. For historical developments, the transformation of the world economy is the most important point throughout the globalization. This will be referred to as “the transformation of the world economy” (Strayer, 1024). In this situation, “when most people speak of globalization, they are referring to the immense acceleration in international economic transactions that took place in the second half of the twentieth century and continued into the twenty-first” (Strayer, 1024). This is what many people would have seen this process is “almost natural, certainly inevitable, and practically unstoppable” (Strayer, 1024). This always happens the same even in the presence of the world history. 

This may also be referred to as the re-globalization that “These conditions provided the foundations for a dramatic quickening of global economic transactions after World War II” (Strayer, 1026). This is what “re-globalization” is now followed “the contractions of the 1930s” (Stayer, 1026). This is the best way to think that it is immense to its “significant process was expressed in the accelerating circulation of goods, capital, and people” (Strayer, 1026), such as world trade.

Overall, globalization and re-globalization are always presented in the modern world as the history of globalization is not changed at all. 

Ch. 22 — The End of Empire — The Global South on the Global Stage. (1914 — present)

In what way(s) do you see the historical developments described in this chapter continuing to evolve in our world today?

I see the historical developments are described in Ch. 22 continuing to evolve in our world today. For historical developments, Independence and Development is the most important point that European colonial rule was struggled “for modern development, symbolized here by a photo from 2012 showing South African high school students in a computer-education classroom” (Strayer, 975). This is what Independence and Development still evolved today in world history. 

There is a way to freedom that struggles for independence. This was happened in 1900, “European colonial empires in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean region, and Pacific Oceania appeared as enduring features of the world’s political landscape. Well before the end of the twentieth century, they were gone” (Strayer, 976). This is the best way to reach the freedom “as colony after colony” (Strayer, 976) in the world.

Overall, Independence and Development is the best historical development in Ch.22, especially the empire ends “in the second half of the twentieth century, under pressure from nationalist movements, Europe’s Asian and African empires dissolved into dozens of newly independent states” (Strayer, 980). This setting occurs in Africa and Asia. 

Ch. 21’s Big Question — What was the global significance of the cold war?

The global significance of the Cold War was “witnessed a sharp division between the communist world and the Western democratic world” (Strayer, 950). This is what the Cold War is caused to separate “the continent of Europe; the countries of China, Korea, Vietnam, and Germany; and the city of Berlin” (Strayer, 950). There had several crises that “brought the nuclear-armed superpowers of the United States and the USSR to the brink of war, although in every case they managed to avoid direct military conflict between themselves” (Strayer, 950). This is the major conflict that “many countries in Africa and Asia claimed membership in a Non-Aligned Movement” (Strayer, 950). This is what the Cold War is so important throughout a social role in world history. 

The Cold War had happened began in “Eastern Europe, where Soviet insistence on security and control clashed with American and British desires for open and democratic societies with ties to the capitalist world economy” (Strayer, 948). This is referred to military services, such as “rival military alliances (NATO and the Warsaw Pact), a largely voluntary American sphere of influence in Western Europe, and an imposed Soviet sphere in Eastern Europe” (Strayer, 948 & 949). This is what “Europe was bitterly divided. But although tensions flared across this dividing line, particularly in Berlin, no shooting war occurred between the two sides (see Map 21.3)” (Strayer, 949). 

Overall, the Cold War had been divided between Eastern and Western Europe. This is sometimes referred to as the term “the Iron Curtain” (Strayer, 949). Similarly, this process is just “the extension of communism into Asia — China, Korea, and Vietnam — globalized the cold war and occasioned its most destructive and prolonged ‘hot wars’” (Strayer, 949) only. 

Ch. 20’s Big Question — In what ways did Europe’s internal conflicts between 1914 and 1945 have global implications?

Europe’s internal conflicts between 1914 and 1945 had global implications were the First World War of European Civilization in Crisis, Capitalism Unraveling of the Great Depression, a Second World War, etc.. These are major conflicts for the time period of 1914 and 1945. 

 

The First World War of European Civilization in Crisis happened between 1914 and 1918. In 1500, “Europe had assumed an increasingly prominent position on the global stage, driven by its growing military capacity and the marvels of its Scientific and Industrial Revolutions” (Strayer, 882). This is what most Europeans were affected as the First World War was started to be unraveled.

There has another point about the First World War, which is called Capitalism Unravelling of the Great Depression. This is mainly about “the political collapse of Europe, this catastrophic downturn suggested that Western capitalism was likewise failing” (Strayer, 891). This is also affected by the economic system in world history that “had raised the living standards of millions, but to many people, it was a troubling system” (Strayer, 891). Furthermore, this was happened in 1929 for “the outbreak of the Great Depression” (Strayer, 891) through the capitalism unraveling. 

The last point of European internal conflict between 1914 and 1945 is the Second World War. This happened between 1937 and 1945. This is usually “more than the Great War, was a genuinely global conflict with independent origins in both Asia and Europe” (Strayer, 906). This is the best way for people to think that this is the Road of War in world history. 

Overall, the First World War of European Civilization in Crisis, Capitalism Unraveling of the Great Depression, a Second World War are internal conflicts that had global effects in Europe. 

Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease is a virus that still occurs all over the world today. This then raises the question, “Does a virus cause Alzheimer’s?” The answer is that Alzheimer’s disease will be caused by some viruses that everybody doesn’t see as it is a non-shaped structure of his/her eyes. This kind of study has published in July 2018, which is referred to as Alzheimer’s Disease. In some cases of Alzheimer’s disease, there has at least 40,000 people are followed throughout the study of “Does a virus cause Alzheimer’s?” This report is stating that “the human body is a health machine, but sometimes it is not perfect!” This quote tells me that people who have diseases like shingles, cold sores, and genital ulcers, etc. These diseases are contained with a higher risk of developing dementia in later life of humans involved. 

Alzheimer’s Disease not only contained with dementia. However, there have many studies that one must be aware of as they need to be done quickly before herpesviruses occurred in human life. This is otherwise a protective role of any drugs, like antiviral drugs, which can be proved. This is what the human message usually told people to do: While the human body contains a healthy way to protect a microbes, but sometimes t has harm inside his/her body.

Overall, Alzheimer’s Disease will still be a virus before the vaccine is invented, just like the COVID-19 pandemic in the present world. 

4th of July

The 4th of July is the most important celebration in the U.S., which is similar to the Double-Ten Day celebration in Taiwan. This kind of situation had occurred since July 4th, 1776. This is the day of the Declaration of Independence that 13 colonies had ruled by the U.K. that North Americans had proclaimed. This is what I sometimes called the Continental Congress. However, I don't think it's happened in the state of California, voting is always important to everyone in states, not only in California. In addition, the Declaration of Independence is also the most important history in the United States. 

The Declaration of Independence is written by Thomas Jefferson. There is the reason that Jefferson was the third U.S. president in the early 17th century. Thomas Jefferson was also “the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.” In addition to Jefferson’s social role in his life, Jefferson’s draft was fellowed through his committee members and the Second Continental Congress as well. 

I think the celebration of the 4th of July is really amazing for me, even I am not in the U.S. due to the COVID-19. But, I can still read about the Declaration of Independence throughout the Internet for celebrating myself in Taiwan for the celebration of the 4th of July.  

Replying to Teresa's post on question 9

The Colonial Violence in the Congo (T.B. p. 803): 

Hi Teresa,

I was thinking about commenting on this picture. It seems interesting that Colonial Violence always happens in Congo, is that right? This image shows the slavery level. This kind of situation contained young boys who are educated in Congo, Africa. This is what young men had a penalty with the victims of a brutal regime of forced labor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, this had suffered with a disease by humans. This is what people are really cruel on the other side of industrialization. Therefore, I think it's interesting that you write about Colonial Violence in the Congo, Teresa. You did a great job on your post. 

Best Regards,

Austin Chen

An American View of British Imperialism (p.790)

9) Chapter 18 contains some powerful images. Why do you suppose Strayer chose to include these specific images? How do they illustrate the concepts introduced in this chapter? Choose one image and a) describe it, b) explain how it illustrates a concept from the chapter, and c) give your general thoughts about the image, as you might do in the context of a small in-class discussion group. The images you can choose from are (your version of the textbook may use different titles and page numbers): 

An American View of British Imperialism (p.790): 



Image: 

a.) This image shows “the British Empire is portrayed as an octopus whose tentacles are already attached to many countries, while one tentacle is about to grasp yet another colony, Egypt” (Strayer, 790) in 1882. This is what the British Empire is powerful that the devilfish has many hands to control a lot of countries, like Egypt, India, and Canada, etc. These countries are colonized by England. This process is called “imperialism” (Strayer, 790).  

b.) This image illustrates a concept form the chapter that imperialism is the conflict in society while “avoiding revolution or the serious redistribution of wealth” (Strayer 790). This is what imperialism was used in Europe at the end of the 19th century, which “was the growth of mass nationalism” (Strayer, 790). However, Italy and Germany made European to have a competitive side of international relations, such as “colonies or economic concessions in Asia, Africa, and Pacific Oceania” (Strayer, 790). This is called the “Great Power” (Strayer, 790). 

c.) I think this image is teaching me about how to be powerful for myself. This is what I use to refer to while the “Great Power” (Strayer, 790) is used for a nation, even in Taiwan. This is was a British people obtained “a matter of urgency, even if they possessed little immediate economic value” (Strayer, 790) in 1875. This is called “imperialism” (Strayer, 790). This is what I think this situation is “seemed to matter, even to ordinary people, whether some remote corner of Africa or some obscure Pacific island was in British, French, or German hands” (Strayer, 790). This process is called “imperialism, in short, appealed on economic and social grounds to the wealthy or ambitious, seemed politically and strategically necessary in the game of international power politics, and was emotionally satisfying to almost everyone” (Strayer, 790). That’s “a potent mix” (Strayer, 790)!

Worksheet for Module 7 (The Summer Course of World History)

1) What was The Great Dying? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Could this be considered genocide? Why/ why not?:

The Great Dying was “the General Crisis reminds us that climate often plays an important role in shaping human history” (Strayer, 561). This was the idea that couldn’t be considered a genocide. This was the theme that “whatever combination of factors explains the European acquisition of empires in the Americas, there was no doubting their global significance” (Strayer, 557). However, there had a situation that referred to “the demographic collapse of Native American societies” (Strayer, 557).

This was the historical record that the Great Dying took a lot of holds in the Americas, “it interacted with another natural phenomenon, this time one of the genuinely global proportions” (Strayer, 560). This is sometimes called “it was a period of unusually cool temperatures that spanned much of the early modern period, most prominently in the Northern Hemisphere” (Strayer, 560). Most scholars were kept arguing about the causes, based on the topic of the Great Dying. 

Overall, the Great Dying was the best theme in American history in Europe. 

2) What did native Siberians and Native Americans have in common in terms of their experiences with Europeans during the Early Modern period?: 

Native Siberians and Native Americans had in common in terms of their experiences with Europeans during the Early Modern period were the Russian Empire. This was the historical perspective that it is “a small principality under Mongol control, Moscow became the center of a vast Russian Empire during the early modern era” (Strayer, 574). This is the process called Experiencing the Roman Empire. 

First of all, “empire meant conquest” (Strayer, 573), meaning the Roman Empire is “in the long run Russian military” (Strayer, 574). However, there is based on the “modern weaponry and the organizational capacity of a state brought both the steppes and Siberia under Russian control” (Strayer, 573). Russia had enough authorities that used to demand “an oath of allegiance by which native peoples swore ‘eternal submission to the grand tsar,’ the monarch of the Russian Empire” (Strayer, 573 & 574). 

Therefore, the Russian Empire is the major conflict between native Siberians and native Americans under weaponry control in Mongol.

3) Discuss the history and impact of the Indian Ocean trade network (the Sea Roads) from the Classical to Modern periods: 

The Indian Ocean trade network (the Sea Roads) from the Classical to Modern periods in Eastern goods from its commercial network. This is "the viewpoint of an increasingly dynamic Europe, several major problems accompanied this pattern of trade" (Strayer, 603). First of all, "the source of supply for these much-desired goods lay solidly in Muslim hands" (Strayer, 603). This is the most immediate part that occurred in Egypt. This is just a “problem for Europeans lay in paying for Eastern goods” (Strayer, 603). 

There has commerce in the Indian Ocean trade network. Therefore, it is shown in Map 14.1 in Strayer textbook p. 604. This is referred to as “Europeans in Asia in the Early Modern Era” (Strayer, 604). This is the meaning of the early modern era that has a lot of control in Asia, especially Europeans. However, it is just a trade “rather than empire, was the chief concern of the Western newcomers, who were not, in any event, a serious military threat to major Asian states” (Strayer, 604). This has happened in a lot of countries in the world, such as Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, and England, etc. This is “how they behaved in that world and what they created there differed considerably among the various European countries, but collectively they contributed much to the new regime of globalized trade” (Strayer, 604). 

Overall, the Indian Ocean trade network is referred to as Sea Roads that contains commerce that “the Portuguese and then the Spanish, French, Dutch, and British found” (Strayer, 604) in the ancient world.

4) Look at the pie chart titled “The Destinations of Slaves” on page 627 of our textbook. What might people find surprising about the percentages of slaves who disembarked in different parts of the Americas? What factors explain why the percentages were this way?: 

People might find surprising about the percentages of slaves who disembarked in different parts of the Americas because the American population has a less percentage that it only contained 8.2%. However, there has a viewpoint that "the chief outcome of the slave trade lay in the new trans-regional linkages that it generated as Africa became a permanent part of an interacting Atlantic world" (Strayer, 626). This is the way that the Americas had "made an enormous impact on both demographically and economically" (Strayer, 628). This is what people are observed as the American population contains African slaves in the 19th century. However, there has contained bigger percentages of slaves, which are the Caribbean and Brazil in the United States.

This is an enormous number of “outnumbered European immigrants to the Americas by three or four to one, and West African societies were increasingly connected to an emerging European-centered world economy” (Strayer, 628). This is the reason why African people were “transformed the lives and societies of people on both sides of the Atlantic” (Strayer, 628). Also, I’d think people in the Caribbean and Brazil will be transformed for their lives, too. This is because the Caribbean and Brazil are located near the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, this process is called “The Destinations of Slaves” (Strayer, 627).

Overall, “The Destinations of Slaves” (Strayer, 627) was the best way to show in the statical change which is calculated by the pie chart between Mainland North America, Mainland Spanish America, Caribbean, and Brazil. These countries are contained with slaves for the African population in the Americas. 

5) What does Strayer mean by the “echoes of Atlantic Revolutions”? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Are the Atlantic Revolutions still echoing in the 21st Century?: 

According to Strayer, the “echoes of Atlantic Revolutions,” it is the “world crisis“ (Strayer, 698). This kind of meaning is used as “the Safavid dynasty that had ruled Persia (now Iran) for several centuries had completely collapsed, even as the powerful Mughal Empire governing India also fragmented” (Strayer, 698) in the 1730s. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire had been threatened by Arabia, “and its religious ideals informed major political upheavals in Central Asia and elsewhere” (Strayer, 698). This is what Atlantic Revolutions are important that rebellion had been crushed in the Russian Empire. This is under the rule of Catherine the Great because of peasant uprisings in 1773-1774. 

The Atlantic revolutions had happened in the Americas that “took place within a larger global framework” (Strayer, 698). There is a reason like “the other upheavals, they too occurred in the context of expensive wars, weakening states, and destabilizing processes of commercialization” (Strayer, 698). The comparison is different than the Atlantic revolutions were seemed distinctive in several ways to European imperial states. These states are “Britain, France, and Spain in particular—were global rather than regional. In the so-called Seven Years’ War (1754–1763), Britain and France joined the battle in North America, the Caribbean, West Africa, and South Asia” (Strayer, 698). 

Furthermore, the Atlantic revolutions were different from each other that North America and France had a conflict between colonies and monarchy. Therefore, this is lead by the American revolutionary leader Thomas Jefferson, who “was the U.S. ambassador to France on the eve of the French Revolution” (Strayer, 698 & 699). 

6) What did feminists and abolitionists have in common? How and why did they sometimes work together?: 

Feminists and abolitionists had in common that echoes of the Atlantic revolutions contained “three major movements arose to challenge continuing patterns of oppression or exclusion” (Strayer, 714). However, feminists and abolitionists had different types of meanings: “abolitionists sought the end of slavery; nationalists hoped to foster unity and independence from foreign rule; and feminists challenged male dominance” (Strayer, 714 & 715). These movements are bored to be the Atlantic revolutions, “and although they took root first in Europe and the Americas, each came to have a global significance in the centuries that followed” (Strayer, 715). 

There is a conflict between feminists and abolitionists, which is called slavery’s abolition. This is the reason why it is “a remarkable transformation occurred in human affairs as slavery, widely practiced and little condemned since at least the beginning of civilization, lost its legitimacy and was largely ended” (Strayer, 715) in between 1780 and 1890. In this amazing situation, Atlantic revolutions’ ideas and practices “played an important role” (Strayer, 715). This is what Enlightenment thinkers used to mention about as slavery is still “a violation of the natural rights of every person, and the public pronouncements of the American and French revolutions about liberty and equality likewise focused attention on this obvious breach of those principles” (Strayer, 715). This process is called a “critical of slavery” (Strayer, 715), which was an increasingly changeable in every slavery’s life in the 18th century. 

Overall, feminists and abolitionists are sometimes in common, but sometimes be different. Therefore, feminists and abolitionists are referred to the Atlantic revolutions’ slavery while its ideas and practices played a major role in the 18th century.

8) What was the Industrial Revolution? Where and when did it begin? Discuss its long-term significance to people, cities, and the planet: 

The Industrial Revolution was “a human response to that dilemma as nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of wind, water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals” (Strayer, 738). It began in Western Europe, especially in Great Britain between 1750 and 1900. It relates to “the Scientific Revolution and accompanied the unfolding legacy of the French Revolution to utterly transform European society and to propel Europe into a temporary position of global dominance” (Strayer, 738). However, the Agricultural Revolution had happened somewhere around 12,000 years ago, which had changed fundamentally for human life. In addition, it “also transformed was the human relationship to the natural world as our species learned to access energy resources derived from outside of the biosphere—coal, oil, gas, and the nucleus of atoms” (Strayer, 738). 

The Industrial Revolution sometimes refers to Industrial Britain because it contained “the dirt, smoke, and pollution of early industrial societies are vividly conveyed in this nineteenth-century engraving of a copper foundry in Wales” (Strayer, 737). This kind of congestion had formed since the end of the 18th century in England all over the world. This is also referred to as the population of “the global context for this epochal economic transformation lies in a very substantial increase in human numbers from about 375 million people in 1400 to about 1 billion in the early nineteenth century” (Strayer, 738). This is the reason why the population had been increased as “global energy demands began to push against the existing local and regional ecological limits” (Strayer, 737).  

Overall, the Industrial Revolution totally refers to its long-term significance to people, cities, and the planet.